本指南介绍了在一条路线中提供的车辆数量， 优化解决方案可能因请求参数而异。
Route Optimization API 不仅能优化货运完成顺序，还可优化 还会将这些运单分配给车辆 您管理的限制。
在第一个示例中，车辆数量与运单数量一致， 并且所有车辆共享相同的费用和位置属性。每辆车 它包含每工作小时费用和每行驶公里费用， 以尽可能缩短行程时间和距离。用户可能会认为 已分配运单，但示例响应显示的是客户给出的成本最低的解决方案， 指定的费用模型参数。
查看涉及多辆车的请求示例
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 5.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerHour": 50.0, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
查看对请求的响应，其中包含多个 车辆
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:55Z", "detour": "150s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:21:21Z", "detour": "572s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:05:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "496s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1893, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "496s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:05Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:25:31Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53, "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889 }, "routeTotalCost": 57.168888888888887 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2 } ], "skippedShipments": [ { "index": 1 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 2, "travelDuration": "902s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "800s", "totalDuration": "1702s", "travelDistanceMeters": 3353 }, "usedVehicleCount": 1, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:28:22Z", "totalCost": 62.168888888888887, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.638888888888889, "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 5, "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 33.53 } } }
求解器会将所有运单仅分配到一辆车上，并跳过一个运单
但还是有充足的可用车辆这是因为
增加车辆的费用太高，无法证明合理性，对客户来说，成本效益不好
任何车辆来完成跳过的运送，因为其罚款较低。
尽管可以容纳的车辆数量，但一辆车可以执行分配的所有任务
以最具成本效益的方式配送请求中的车辆
设置了 usedIfRouteIsEmpty 属性（请参阅 Vehicle 消息）
文档（REST、gRPC），因此如果遇到以下情况，这些方法不会产生任何费用
未使用。
更改费用参数，优先考虑全球较短的解决方案，而不是
与各条车辆路线分别较短的乘车路线，会导致更多车辆参与
问题。下一个示例请求将 Vehicle.costPerHour 替换为
全球ShipmentModel.globalDurationCostPerHour，优先考虑各项解决方案
比任何给定车辆的总运行时间都短。惩罚
shipment[1]的费用也会上涨，以降低其被
已跳过。
请参阅使用
globalDurationCostPerHour
{ "model": { "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00-08:00", "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00-08:00", "globalDurationCostPerHour": 150.0, "shipments": [ { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789456, "longitude": -122.390192 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 100.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.789116, "longitude": -122.395080 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 75.0 }, { "deliveries": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.795242, "longitude": -122.399347 }, "duration": "250s" } ], "pickups": [ { "arrivalLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "duration": "150s" } ], "penaltyCost": 50.0 } ], "vehicles": [ { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 }, { "endLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "startLocation": { "latitude": 37.794465, "longitude": -122.394839 }, "costPerKilometer": 10.0 } ] } }
结果表明，使用全局每小时费用参数会导致 他们使用了所有三辆车，而不仅仅是一辆。
使用
globalDurationCostPerHour
{ "routes": [ { "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:20Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 2, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 2, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:09:19Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "409s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1371, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "409s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "171s", "travelDistanceMeters": 665, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "171s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:13:29Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "580s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "980s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2036 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.36 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.36 }, { "vehicleIndex": 1, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "visits": [ { "shipmentIndex": 1, "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "shipmentIndex": 1, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:08:24Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "354s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1192, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "354s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "380s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1190, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "380s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:12:34Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "734s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "1134s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2382 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 23.82 }, "routeTotalCost": 23.82 }, { "vehicleIndex": 2, "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:16:14Z", "visits": [ { "isPickup": true, "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "detour": "0s" }, { "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:06:25Z", "detour": "0s" } ], "transitions": [ { "travelDuration": "0s", "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "0s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z" }, { "travelDuration": "235s", "travelDistanceMeters": 795, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "235s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:02:30Z" }, { "travelDuration": "339s", "travelDistanceMeters": 1276, "waitDuration": "0s", "totalDuration": "339s", "startTime": "2023-01-14T00:10:35Z" } ], "metrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 1, "travelDuration": "574s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "400s", "totalDuration": "974s", "travelDistanceMeters": 2071 }, "routeCosts": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 20.71 }, "routeTotalCost": 20.71 } ], "metrics": { "aggregatedRouteMetrics": { "performedShipmentCount": 3, "travelDuration": "1888s", "waitDuration": "0s", "delayDuration": "0s", "breakDuration": "0s", "visitDuration": "1200s", "totalDuration": "3088s", "travelDistanceMeters": 6489 }, "usedVehicleCount": 3, "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-14T00:00:00Z", "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-14T00:18:54Z", "totalCost": 112.14, "costs": { "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 64.89, "model.global_duration_cost_per_hour": 47.25 } } }
在这个响应中，三辆车均在用（每 metrics.usedVehicleCount）
每辆车都需要分配一个装运流程来完成开头相同
位置、终点位置和costPerKilometer，这三辆车
可有效互换，因此无论将哪个运单分配给哪个
具体车型。
globalDurationCostPerHour 会使优化器找到符合以下条件的
总体较短：earliestVehicleStartTime与
latestVehicleEndTime只有 18 分 54 秒，而 28 秒
分 22 秒。也就是说，
metrics.costs.model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer有所提高，反映的是
三辆二手车的总行驶距离。这说明了
您可以根据此费用模型进行权衡：
- 全球时间成本增加：提高车辆利用率，以最大限度地降低总体时间 但代价是车辆行驶距离和所需时间更长 。
- 车辆时间成本增加：减少车辆利用率和在车上停留的时间 但整体解决方案需要更长的时间。
请注意，此示例中的 globalDurationCostPerHour 值设置为 150.0
每辆车costPerHour/50.0，与上一个相比
示例。这一全球成本价值实际上预计，
同时运行，但在实际设置下，假设可能并非
但实际上可能会对结果质量产生负面影响。
如费用模型参数中所述，所有费用参数都以 相同的无维度单位，但含义可能截然不同。通常情况下 成本模型参数值应尽可能基于现实， 因为像本例中这样的人工成本可能会导致 API 针对 与意图不符的目标。